美国经济形势对基础科研的影响

An initial analysis on the impacts of US economy on the country＇s basic research

近10年来美国在科研论文的产出量和引用次数的纵向比较上有所下降，但横向看，仍是世界上论文引用次数最高的国家，可见其基础科研影响力仍然保持着全球领导地位。2011年，居高不下的失业率和两党激烈的政治斗争构成了美国基础科研发展的外部环境。本文着重研究这种政治、经济气候对美国基础科研的资助主体和承担主体的影响，这些主体包括联邦部门、联邦科研机构和大学，并分析了这些主体在特定环境下所采取的应对策略。

America has been maintaining a leading level in the basic research and keeps the highest paper citation in the world, although the amount of academic papers published and papers＇ cited number have decreased in the last decade.In 2011, the stubbornly high unemployment and fierce rivalry between the two parties have formed an unavoidable environment for US basic research. This article analyzes the impacts of the overall climate on the main entities involved in basic research, be it a Federal department, or an agency or a university. It also introduces their response to the impacts.