海底麻坑研究现状及进展

RESEARCH STATUS AND PROGRESS OF SEABED POCKMARKS

麻坑作为海底流体活动遗留下的痕迹,是一种常见的海底地貌。近半个世纪的研究表明,多数的海底麻坑是沉积地层中的流体向海底快速强烈喷发或者缓慢渗漏过程中形成的大小不等、形态各异的海底凹坑。在综合现有研究的基础上,系统介绍了海底麻坑的形态特征及分类、主要的研究方法、成因机制及研究意义,并指出海底流体运聚的动态平衡过程及对麻坑和冷泉系统的长期原位监测将是今后海底流体研究的热点。

Served as the indicator of seabed flow,the pockmark is one of the common submarine geomorphic features worldwide.Studies in nearly half a century suggest that pockmarks are seabed depressions of various size and different morphology caused either by sudden and catastrophic eruption or slow and continuous seepage of seabed fluid.Based on the research results of seabed pockmarks,major advances in the studies of pockmarks are reviewed.Meanwhile,we systematically summarize the morphology,categorization,the main research methods,and the formation mechanism of pockmarks as well as their significance of research.Moreover,we realize that the study on the dynamic balance of migration and accumulation of seabed fluid and long-term in-situ monitoring of the pockmarks and related seeps system will become the hotspot of seabed fluid in the future.