黄淮冬麦区175个小麦品种的遗传多样性及SSR标记与株高和产量相关性状的关联分析

Diversity of 175 Wheat Varieties from Yellow and Huai River Valleys Facultative Wheat Zone and Association of SSR Markers with Plant Height and Yield Related Traits

为了解小麦品种资源的遗传多样性,筛选株高、产量相关性状相关标记的等位变异,选用108对覆盖小麦各同源染色体且多态性高的SSR引物,对黄淮麦区175个小麦品种进行分析。共检测到448个等位变异,平均每个标记4.15个等位变异,变化范围为2～14个;全部SSR位点的多态性信息含量(PIC)变化范围为0.075～0.869,平均为0.561。聚类分析显示同一地区或同一育种单位育成的、具有共同亲本的品种多数聚为一类。关联分析表明,与株高、产量相关性状显著关联(P<0.01)的标记有23个,其中3个标记达到极显著(P<0.001)水平。标记wmc128(1B)和wmc236(3B)与小穗数极显著相关,分别解释小穗数变异的10.5%和8.0%;标记Xgwm129(2B)与千粒重达到极显著相关,可以解释千粒重变异的19.3%。

To understand the genetic diversity of wheat varieties planted in Yellow and Huai River Valleys Facultative Wheat Zone in China and identify SSR markers associated with important agronomic traits, we selected 108 pairs of SSR markers evenly distributed on wheat chromosomes to detect the diversity of 175 historical winter wheat varieties planted in this region. A total of 448 alleles were detected on the 108 loci, and the average alleles per locus were 4.15, which varied from 2 to 14. The polymor- phism information content （PIC） value ranged from 0.075 to 0.869, with an average of 0.560. Clustering analysis showed that most of the varieties with shared parents, bred by the same institution, or planted in the same area were grouped together. Twenty-three markers were significantly associated with plant height and yield related traits （P〈0.01）, among which three were associated with these traits at an extremely significant level （P〈0.001）. Markers wmc128 （1B） and wmc236 （3B） could explain the variation of spikelet number by 10.5% and 8.0% （P〈0.001）, respectively. Besides, marker Xgwm129 （2B） showed significant association with 1000-kernel weight （P〈0.001） with the rate of phenotypic variation explained as high as 19.3%.