扎龙湿地的昆虫群落生态位

Insect Community Niche in the Zhalong Wetland

对扎龙湿地昆虫群落的空间和时间生态位以及主要植食性昆虫类群的营养生态位进行调查研究。结果表明:主要昆虫类群空间和时间生态位宽度差异均不大,各昆虫类群间存在程度不同的生态位重叠和种间竞争现象,各主要昆虫类群间生态位相似性比例系数均较大,蜘蛛类群对昆虫群落的调控作用显著;但直翅目昆虫除与蜘蛛类生态位重叠指数较大外,与其他捕食性昆虫均较小,说明直翅目昆虫受捕食性昆虫的影响有限,且在同一营养级内具有较大的竞争优势,在其个体数量较多时仍然需要采取一定的人为措施进行调控。

The Zhalong wetland nature reserve （46°40＇-47°20＇N,123°59＇--124°40＇E）, situated in the west of Heilongjiang Province of China, is the largest and the most important Grus japonensis wetland nature reserve in China, providing indispensable livelihood for the red-crowned crane as well as a temporary habitat for the migrating birds in severe danger such as Grus leucogeranus, Ciconia nigra, Cygnus cygnus, Anser albifrons and Ciconia boyciana. In this paper, the niche and competition among species of insect community in different habitat in Zhalong wetland were studied. The results showed that there were obvious niche overlaps and competitions in different species which used the same resources. Space niche breadth index of main groups were similar, the same as time niche breadth index. Niche similarity coefficient of insect community indicated that the difference between each group was not big. Spider groups were important regulators in the Zhalong wetland insect ecological system. But Orthoptera and Coleoptera, Odonata group space niches were not significantly overlapped. Spider groups mainly affected Orthoptera, but hardly affected other groups of predatory. This study indicates that some measures should be implemented in the habitat when the number of Orthoptera individual is very big to maintain a balance relationship between insect groups.