农村老年人抑郁状况评定及影响因素分析

Analysis of the status and related factors of depression in elders in rural areas

目的了解老人抑郁症状水平及其影响因素。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法，应用老年抑郁短量表（GDS-15）、Katz日常生活活动量表（Katz—ADL）和Lawton工具性日常生活活动量表（ADL）为评定工具，对济宁市i〉65岁的504位老年人进行问卷调查。结果男性老年人抑郁症状评分低于女性，分别为（2．24±2．12）分、（3．35±3．49）分（t’=4．236，P〈0．01）；年龄、有无配偶、是否健身锻炼、睡眠质量、自评健康状况、生活状况、经济状况、孤独感觉不同的老年人抑郁症状评分差异显著；抑郁症状评分与孤独感觉、IADL、生活状况、经济状况、自评健康状况、年龄等因素密切相关；影响老年人抑郁症状评分的前5位因素为孤独、IADL、性别、自评健康状况、经济状况（F=27．47，P〈0．01，R2=0．372，R＇2=0．358），贡献率为35．8％。结论孤独感觉、IADL、女性、自身健康状况、经济状况、单身是老年人抑郁症状的重要影响因素。提高老年人的工具性日常生活活动能力，有利于减少抑郁危险因素。

Objective To observe the status and related factors of depression symptoms in elders. Meth. ors Randomized muhi-stage sampling method was used to select subjects. 504 elders （ aged ≥ 65 years ） in Ji- ning were investigated and assessed by using the scales of Geriatric Depression Scalel5 （GDS-15） ,Katz-aetivity of daily living （Katz-ADL） and Lawton instrumental ADL （IADL）. Results The GDS scores of males （2.24 ± 2.12 ） were significantly lower than that of females （3.35 ± 3.49） （ t ＇= 4. 236, P〈 0.01 ）. There were significant differences in GDS scores among different subgroups of age, single or not, physical activity, sleep quality, self-reported health,living condition, economic status and lonely feeling. GDS scores were significantly correlated to lonely feeling, IADL, living condition, economic status, self-reported health and age （F = 27.47, P 〈 0. 001 ; R2 = 0. 372, R＇2 = 0. 358 ） ,with the total contribution of 35.8 %. Conclusion Among elders, the main factors influencing depression symptoms are lonely feeling, IADL, female, health condition, economic condition and single, respectively. Enhancing IADL of elders can contribute to reduce the risk factors of depression.