乳胶手套致临床护士Ⅳ型超敏反应的研究

Research in type IV hypersensitivity induced by latex gloves in clinical nurses

目的了解我国临床护士中乳胶手套所致Ⅳ型超敏反应的发生情况。方法选择临床护士100人，其中乳胶手套过敏组69人，无乳胶手套过敏者（对照组）31人。用瑞敏变应原斑贴试剂盒进行斑贴试验检查。比较2组斑贴试验变应原阳性情况。结果乳胶手套过敏组中斑贴试验阳性率高达73．9％，而正常对照组为25．8％，二者差异有统计学意义；氯化钴、重铬酸钾是2组中最常见的变应原，但只有甲醛和对苯二胺基质的阳性率过敏组明显高于对照组。乳胶手套过敏组中橡胶添加剂斑贴试验阳性率为26．1％，而对照组均为阴性。结论乳胶手套过敏护士中手部皮炎主要由日常用品接触所致，乳胶手套所致Ⅳ型超敏反应发生率较高。

Objective To determine the prevalence of latex glove（LG）-induced type IV hypersensi- tivity in clinical nurses. Methods 100 clinical nurses were selected, among whom 69 nurses were set as the latex glove hypersensitivity group, and the other 31 nurses did not show hypersensitivity to latex glove （the control group）. The two groups underwent a patch testing with a modified European standard series of allergens supplied by Chemotechnique Diagnostics. The positive allergens were compared between the two groups. Results The positive rate of patch testing in patients of the latex glove hypersensitivity group was superior to that in the control group （73.9% vs 25.8%）. Cobalt chloride and potassium dichromate were the most common allergens in both groups, while only formaldehyde and para-phenylenediamine were more sus- ceptible in the latex glove hypersensitivity group compared with that in the control group. 26.1% of the la- tex glove hypersensitivity group was responsive to rubber additives, but in the control group the results were negative. Conclusions The hand dermatitis of female nurses with LG allergy is mainly caused by exposure to daily necessities. The prevalence of LG-induced type IV hypersensitivity is relativeD high in clinical nurses.