儒教改制者何心隐及其所殉孔子之教

He Xinyin as a Confucian Reformer and His Worship of Confucius

泰州学派的何心隐,作为儒教改制者,所针对的是融入国家政治制度之中的儒家传统建制。儒家、儒教之"道统",因其与现实政治之相摩相荡,而存在一紧张的关系。明嘉靖之后,此紧张关系日益尖锐。何心隐秉承其祖王心斋所论"出处"问题,别开独立于政治建制的儒教、孔教建制之途径。其所构建的孔子之"教",在于人之普泛以孔子为所尊所亲,方能最终达成人与人之间普遍的"尊尊"、"亲亲",此即孔子为天下、为人间社会所施设的"仁义"之"广居正路"。

This paper regards He Xinyin,a member of Taizhou School,as a reformer of Confucianism.The reform means to transforming traditional Confucianism which is intimately linked with political institution into an independently religious one.The conflicts between Confucian orthodoxy and politics in reality intensified after the Jia-jing Period in the Ming Dynasty.He Xinyin carries forward his predecessor Wang Xinzhai's theory of 'political involvement or retiring from political life',and constructs a set of Confucian institutions,which is independent of politics.On the basis of respects and honors of Confucius,He Xinyin's Confucian institutions enables people to respect and love each other,and makes Confucius's benevolence and righteousness come true.