秩序重建的政治之维——黄宗羲与近世政治思维的突破

The Political Dimension of the Reconstruction of Order:Huang Zongxi and the Breakthrough of the Neo-Confucian Political Thought

在明清之际"天崩地解"的环境中,文明秩序的重建无疑是儒者致思的焦点。在黄宗羲那里,政治维度的思考构成了秩序重建的中心议题。黄宗羲的思考包含了三个层面:以道德事功为主轴的精神秩序的重建、以天下公义为旨归的法原重构、以混合政体为中心的政制更革。其思想体现了宋明儒学政治思维在数百年时势变迁中保有的相对连续性。同时,特殊的时代背景又使黄宗羲能够以更加透彻的批判眼光提出某些极具突破性的洞见。黄宗羲的思想史地位,正在于以一种批判吸收的双重视角将近世儒家政治思维予以充分展开,从而在儒家传统的同一性、延续性中展现出时代的鲜活感。

Under the background of order collapse during the Ming-Qing dynastic transition,reconstruction of cultural order is the focus of the Confucian scholars' attention.As for Huang Zongxi,political thinking becomes the central issue of the order reconstruction.Concretely speaking,his thinking includes three levels:the reconstruction of spiritual order,which focuses on the utility of Confucian moralily;the rebuilding of the spirit of public law;and the constitutional reform which concentrates on the construction of mixed constitution.His thoughts not only reflect the continuity of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasty,but also propose some important breakthrough.In this sense,Huang develops the Neo-Confucian political thoughts by means of criticizing and absorbing,showing the new changes in the continuity of Confucian tradition.