思想的钝化:中国现代政治理念的英国导向

Passivation of Ideas:The British Orientation of Modern Chinese Political Ideas

模仿英国进行中国的现代国家建构,一直是留英的中国学人萦怀于心的理念。但是,从建国实践上看,英国是一个经历长期的自生自发秩序生长起来的现代国家;从建国理论上讲,英国不仅是一个由自由主义、社会主义和保守主义共同塑造出来的复杂政治国度,而且在"密尔逆转"出现之后,英国已经是一个意识形态上混合型的现代国家。从严复、储安平到20世纪80年代后留英学生构成的三代留英精英,其实都未能真正把握住现代英国的建国精髓,都倾向于从社会或社会主义的角度理解英国的国家建构,这是一种明显的政治误解。

In order to build a modern state,Chinese scholars studying in the UK think that China should imitate Britain.However,Britain is a modern state which underwent a long-term spontaneous orderly growth.Britain is not only shaped by liberalism,socialism and conservatism,but also after the 'John Stuart Mill's turn',Britain has been an ideological hybrid of modern country.This is what the Chinese want to learn and cannot learn.In fact,Yan Fu,Chu Anping and Chinese scholars studying in the UK in the 1880s cannot really grasp the essence of the founding of modern British,and they tend to understand Britain's state construction from the social or socialist perspective.This is an obvious political misunderstanding.In order to build a modern state,China must firstly follow the philosophy of liberalism,then follow the philosophy of conservatism,and finally follow the philosophy of socialism.