论卢梭公民美德的人性基础

Human Nature in Rousseau's Theory Civic Virtue

卢梭把良心视为人类美德的基础,把理性视为自利甚至自私的工具。因此,在他那里,理性、同情和良心都不是公民美德的基础。在社会状态下,人的基本情感是amour propre,而amour propre又包含虚荣和骄傲两种主要类型,虚荣心驱使人们通过获取财富和权势来赢得社会的荣誉和他人的尊重,而骄傲心则促使人们通过公民美德和功绩来赢得荣誉和尊重。因此,在卢梭那里,公民美德的人性基础是amour propre这一社会人的支配性情感中的健康类型——骄傲。

Because of conscience viewed as the human moral's foundation and rationality as the means of self-interest or even egotism,Rousseau does not see pity,conscience or rationality as civic virtue's anthropological foundation.In the social state,human nature is 'amour proper' which contains two opposite and basic emotions named 'vanity' and 'pride'.While vanity desires the honor or the esteem and tries to achieves them by wealth or power,pride desires the same ends as vanity,but it tries to achieve them by one's virtue or merits,According to Rousseau's philosophical anthropology,civic virtue's human nature is the pride which is the healthy and the main type of amour proper.