从民本到民主：罗泽南、中江兆民和卢梭论反暴君

From Confucian Populism to Democracy:Anti-tyrannical Theories of Luo Zenan,Nakae Chomin and Rousseau

本文比较罗泽南、中江兆民和卢梭的反暴君思想,讨论卢梭"民约论"的引进如何改变了中国人的政治视野,尤其是中国人对君主制的基本态度,并试图进一步澄清从儒家民本传统到西方激进民主之间的联系与距离。罗泽南对暴君的批判显示了儒家传统反思君主专制的潜力和限制,而中江兆民更为激进的立场源于儒学与西方激进民主思潮的碰撞。

This essay discusses the extent to which the introduction of Rousseau's social contract theory has reshaped the political vision of the Chinese,especially their attitude towards monarchy,by comparing Luo Zenan,Nakae Chomin and Rousseau's anti-tyrannical theories.On top of the discussion,it tries to clarify the continuity and distance between the Confucian populism and the Western radical democratic thoughts.On the one hand,before joining the war against Taiping Rebellion,Luo not only fiercely attacked tyrants and corrupt officials,but also reflected upon the prevalent problems of monarchy,On the other hand,Nakae's Minyaku yakkai(An Annotated Translation of The Social Contract)goes beyond an introduction to Rousseau's theory when he incorporates his own work within and reflects upon the Confucian anti-tyrannical tradition,Its negation of monarchy is more radical than Rousseau's work,While Luo's critiques make manifest both the potential and the limit of the Confucian anti-tyranny tradition,Nakae's more radical stand originates in the meeting of Confucianism with radical democratic thoughts from the West provided by his annotated translation of The Social Contract.