一种特殊结构的动物复合名词

A Special Kind of Animal Noun-noun Compounds

汉语中有一类结构特殊的动物复合名词(如"牛犊""羊羔""马驹"),对其性质的认定一直存有分歧。从共时和历时相结合的角度进行探讨,分析所研究的"六畜"语义场中的语义变化,归纳了几种不同的"泛指"和"特指"模式。研究发现这类词有从"联合式"向"偏正式"转变的趋势。其构词模式具有"旧语素+新语素""自由语素+半自由语素"等语义特征,构词理据与文化和认知有密切的关系,该类词的结构并不具有能产性。同时还探讨了后一个构词语素内部连用的成因,旨在对这类词的性质和构成进行细致全面的分析。

There is a kind of animal compounds with special subordinate construction in Chinese（e.g.＂牛犊、羊羔、马驹＂）,which has different opinions about their characteristics.We analyze the semantic change of ＂six domestic animals＂,from the aspects of synchronic and diachronic.And we conclude some kinds of ＂general allegations＂and ＂specific allegations＂.The object of study has tended to change from＂coordinative words＂to ＂Modifying Compound Words＂.Its semantic construction is＂old morpheme＋ new morpheme＂＂free morpheme＋ semi-free morpheme＂.The motivation of word-formation has a lot to do with culture and cognition.The structure can＇t produce lots of words.Lastly,we research the factor which urges ＂the last morpheme＂ combination aiming at analyzing the characteristic and word-formation in depth.