关内人口迁移对东北方言的影响分析——以吉林方言语音、特征词为例

The Influence of Immigration from Inside Pass on the Northeast Dialects——Taking JiLin Dialects and Characteristic Words for Instance

语言作为一种社会现象,其演化原因是多元的。从宏观视角来看,人口迁移是重要原因之一。清末至民国时期,关内人口迁移浪潮使东北地区的语言文化发生深刻变化。位居东北平原中部的吉林地区方言,移民人口在声母、韵母和声调上表现出不同特征。吉林中西部地区方言是在北京方言、冀鲁方言和胶辽方言等基础上形成,在语音特征上表现出多种方言相互影响痕迹;吉林东部山区通化、白山等地方言,由于当地80%人口是胶东半岛移民,而保持胶辽方言特征。部分吉林方言特征词与冀鲁方言、胶辽方言、北京方言特征词有较高相似度,且大都来源于这几种方言,但部分方言词汇随着社会环境变迁发生明显变化。

As a social phenomenon,the reasons of language evolution are diverse.From a macro perspective,migration is one important reason.From Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,the wave of immigration coming from inside Shanhaiguan Pass has undergone profound changes on the language of the northeast region.Among the central plain of Northeast regional,Jilin dialects show different characteristics on the consonants,vowels and tones.Dialects in the middle and west of Jilin are founded on Beijing dialects,Ji and Lu dialects and JiaoLiao dialects.The tones can reflect these dialects influence each other.In Tonghua and Changbaishan,the dialects remain the characteristics of Jiaodong dialects,because 80% of population came from Jiaodong Deninsula.Some characteristic words are generally similar to Ji and Lu,Jiao Liao and Beijing dialects,but some of the dialectic words changed a lot according to the change of social environment.