养老机构照护者社会支持及其影响因素分析

Research on social support and influencing factors of caregivers in nursing home

目的探讨养老机构照护者社会支持现况及其影响因素。方法采用定量与定性相结合的方法,使用社会支持量表(SSRS)测量照护人员的社会支持情况,问卷调查养老机构的照护人员共计90例;列出提纲,单独访谈照护者15名。结果养老机构照护者社会支持得分为(39.47±7.02)分,处于中等水平,但显著高于全国常模(P<0.001);经多元线性逐步回归分析显示:婚姻状况、休息时间、民族、医疗保险类型是影响照护者社会支持的主要因素;分析访谈结果还发现工作环境、社会其他行业对照护者职业的看法等也影响照护者的社会支持。结论照护者应充分利用各种社会支持,以取得良好的适应;管理者应用激励因素,使照护者在工作中得到支持和激励,并给照护者争取最大限度的社会支持及良好的社会回报,提高照护者心理健康水平。

Objective To focus on the social support status and its factors of the caregivers in 5 nursing homes of Shihezi. Methods By using combined qualitative and quantitative methods,we used the Social Support Scale（SSRS） to conduct a questionnaire survey among 90 caregivers. Also,in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 key informants. Results The scores of social support of the caregiver were 39.47± 7.02,which was at a medium level, but it was significantly higher than that of national norm. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the interview＇s information, marital status, rest time, ethnieity, the type of medical insurance, work environment, type of medical insurance were the mian factors influencing the social support of care- givers. Furthemore, the working environment, other professions＇ view to caregivers also affected the social support of caregivers Conclusion Caregivers should fully use the various social support to get better adaptation. Managers should take into account moti vation facors to give earegivers more support and encourage at work and improve caregivers＇mental health level.