基于GIS的秦岭山系视觉景观评价

Evaluation of visual landscape based on GIS in Qinling Mountains

视觉景观评价是景观开发利用和保护的基础。采用遥感和地理信息系统技术,在对秦岭山系景观进行分类和制图的基础上,运用模糊层次综合分析方法,从景观视觉质量和视觉敏感度两方面综合评价了秦岭山系视觉景观资源。结果表明:阔叶林和草甸景观具有较好的视觉质量,美景度较高,针叶林、混交林和水体景观次之,而草丛和城镇景观视觉质量较差;视觉景观最敏感区主要分布在距道路500 m内,视觉景观敏感度与道路、观赏视距有较强的相关性;秦岭山系视觉景观资源总体较好,很好级和较好级视觉景观资源占研究区总面积的77.83%,主要分布在海拔较高地区。

Evaluation of visual landscape was the basis for landscape exploitation and protection. Using remote sensing （RS） and geographical information system （GIS）, the landscape classification and maps were produced. The comprehensive evaluation of visual landscape resources in Qinling Mountains was carried out based on the results of scenic beauty evaluation （SBE） and visual landscape sensitivity assessment with analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and fuzzy mathematics theory. The results showed that broad-leaf forest and meadow landscape had best visual landscape quality, and followed by coniferous forest, mixed forest and water landscape. While the wild grassland and residential area were the worse. The highest sensitive visual landscape area distributed along the main roads and located within the range of less than 500 meters from roads. The visual landscape sensitivity was strongly related to roads and the horizontal distance from a viewer. The overall landscape visual resource was good. The best-level and good-level visual landscape resource accounts for 77.83% in the region which distributed in the high elevation area.