高州市水稻施肥状况分析

Analysis of status in fertilization on rice in Gaozhou

通过对2007—2008年高州市典型农户开展的4 048份水稻施肥情况进行调查,结果表明:高州市水稻施肥表现为氮磷盈余、钾亏缺,其中氮肥平均盈余量为37.8 kg/hm2,磷肥平均盈余量为16.1 kg/hm2,钾肥亏损量为120.83 kg/hm2;高州市有35.73%的农户水稻氮肥用量合理,0.65%的农户水稻氮肥用量不足,63.62%的农户水稻氮肥施用过量;有31.91%的农户磷肥用量合理,20.75%的农户磷肥用量不足,47.34%的农户磷肥施用过量;98.98%的农户水稻钾肥用量合理,只有1.02%的农户钾肥施用不足。土壤养分投入盈亏状况评价宜以年度为周期进行,若仅以单季作物养分投入评价耕地土壤养分投入盈亏状况,可能得出片面甚至错误的结论。

Through statistical analysis of the fertilization status for paddy rice of 4 048 typical farming households in Gaozhou city from 2007 to 2008, it was shown that fertilization in paddy rice was characterized as nitrogen and phosphorus surplus and potassium deficit, in which nitrogen surplus averaged 37.8 kg/hm2, phosphorus surplus 16.1 kg/hm2, potassium deficit 120.83 kg/hm2. In Gaozhou city, applied nitrogen doses of 35.73% of the investigated fanning households were rational, those of 0.65% of the investigated farming households were insufficient, and those of 63.62% of the investigated farming households were excessive. Applied phosphorus doses of 31.91% of the farming households behaved suitable, those of 20.75% of the investigated farming households behave lack, and those of 47.34% of the farming households overused. Applied potassium doses of 98.98% of the farming households were rational, and only 1.02% of the farming households used potash fertilizers insufficiently. The results also showed that the evaluation for soil nutrient input surplus or deficit status should be conducted in terms of one cropping-year period, because if only the nutrient input surplus or deficit status in one-season crop was used in evaluating soil nutrient input surplus or deficit status, the partial, even wrong conclusion might be obtained.