创伤性窒息致脑损伤12例报告

Brain Injuries Induced by Traumatic Asphyxia: A Report of 12 Cases

创伤性窒息是外力挤压胸腹,冲击腔静脉,通过血流传至颅内外血管,引起脑及头面、颈肩部皮肤弥散性点状出血的一种综合征。严重缺氧时可因脑水肿出现颅内高压症状。低氧血症还可诱发ARDS。腰穿和脑电图检查有助诊断。及时改善通气功能,合理使用脱水剂和激素,对治疗本病有一定作用。本文报告12例,治愈11例,死亡一例。

Traumatic asphyxia is a result of sudden or severe compression of the thorax and/or the upper abdomen.A sudden increase of intravascular pressure transmitted to the intra-and extracerebral vessels may cause petechial hemorrhage in the brain and in the skin over the head,face,neck and shoulder regions.Severe cerebral anoxia accompanying the injury may lead to cerebral edema and the appearance of signs of increased intracranial pressure as well as ARDS following hypoxemia.Spinal puncture and EEG are helpful in early diagnosis.The essential therapeutic measures consist of improvement in ventilation,dehydration and the use of glucocorticoid hormones.By such manoeuvres,11 of 12 patients we treated recovered satisfactorily and only 1 of them succumbed.