植物蔗糖磷酸合成酶研究进展

Advances on Sucrose Phosphate Synthase in Plants

蔗糖磷酸合成酶(Sucrose Phosphate Synthase,以下简称SPS)是植物体内控制蔗糖合成的关键酶。植物体内蔗糖的积累与SPS活性正相关,SPS还参与植物的生长和产量形成,并在植物的抗逆过程中起重要作用。高等植物中至少存在A、B、C三个家族的SPS,而禾本科植物至少存在A、B、C、DIII和DIV五个家族的SPS。不同植物体内不同家族的SPS基因的表达特性不同,它们所发挥的功能也存在差异。SPS的活性在基因表达调控和SPS蛋白磷酸化共价修饰作用两个层面受到植物生长发育、光照、代谢产物、外源物质如激素和糖类等多种因素的复杂调控。转基因研究表明,转SPS基因是提高作物产量和品质、增强作物抗逆性的有效途径,值得深入研究。全面总结了国内外在植物蔗糖磷酸合成酶方面的研究进展,并提出问题与研究展望,期望为进一步研究并利用植物SPS基因改良作物品种提供参考。

Sucrose phosphate synthase （SPS） is the key enzyme that controls the sucrose biosynthesis in plants. Accumulation of sucrose is significantly correlated with SPS activity. Moreover, SPS is involved in plant growth and production, and play an important role in stress-tolerance. There are at least SPS families in higher plant, named A, B and C, respectively, but there are at least five SPS families, named A, B, C, DⅢ and DⅣ, respectively, in the monocotyledonous plants from Poaceae. Each family of SPS gene in different plant showsdivergent expression pattern, implying the complicated functional significance of each SPS family in plant. SPS activity is regulated by plant development, light, metabolites, exogenous substance such as auxin, glucide etc. in two ways： gene expression and reversible protein phosphorylation. It＇ s worth for further studty on transgenetic researches because it＇s an effective way to improve production, quality and stress-tolerance of plants by transfer of SPS gene. The comprehensive researches on sucrose phosphate synthase in plants were summarized, and some questions and research views were brought forward.