地震后突发性感音神经性听力损失发病情况调查

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss after earthquakes

目的探讨地震后（Sudden sensorineural hearing loss，SSNHL）SSNHL的发病规律，及其与睡眠障碍（Sleep disorders，SD）之间的关系。方法从汶川及玉树两次地震后大坪医院收治的1328例伤病员中遴选1050例轻伤类伤病员作为研究对象，其中男性616例，女性434例。按照年龄分为5组，分别观察不同性别及年龄段伤病员SSNHL及SD的发病规律，以及SSNHL和sD的相关性。结果1050例研究对象中，女性SSNHL发病率（12．9％）明显高于男性（6．66％）（P=0．001〈0．01）。97例SSNHL患者中，低龄者（18～45岁）重度听力损失的发病率（21．67％）明显高于高龄者（5．41％）（尸=0．031〈0．05）。1050例伤病员中，男性和女性sD发病率分别为28．57％及24．65％，无显著性差异（P=0．159〉0．05）。SD患者SSNHL的发病率（22．97％）明显高于非SD者（4．17％）（P=0．000〈〈0．01）。女性SSNHL患者sD的发病率（73．2l％）明显高于男性（31．71％）（P=0．00〈〈0．01）。97例SSNHL病人中，第v组sD发病率（83．33％）明显高于其余各组（P=0．039〈0．05）。结论s地震后SSNHL发病率较高。老年人及女性高发。中青年发病率较低但病情重的趋势明显。SD可能与SSNHL的发生发展有关。

Objective To investigate patterns of sudden sensorineural hearing loss （SSNHL） after earthquakes and its relationship with sleep disorders （SD）. Methods From the 1328 patients treated at Daping Hospital after Wenchuan and Yushu earthquakes, 1050 （616 males and 434 females） with mild injuries were included in this study. They were divided in- to five groups based upon their ages to study correlations between SSNHL and age, sex and SD. Results The incidence of SSNHL was higher in female （12.9%） than in male （6.6%） （ P = 0.001〈 0.01）. In the 97 cases of SSNHL, incidence of se- vere hearing loss was higher in younger patients（21.67%）than in older patients（5.41%）（P = 0.031 〈 0.05）. In the 1050 pa- tients studied, the SD incidence in female and male was 28.57% and 24.65% respectively （P = 0.159 〉 0.05）. However, the SSNHL incidence in SD patients （22.97%）was higher than that in other patients （4.17%）（P = 0.000 〈〈 0.01）. The inci- dence of SSNHL in female SD patients （73.21%）was also higher than in male SD patients （31.71% ）（P = 0.00 〈〈 0.01）. In the 97 SSNHL cases, SD incidence of Group V （ 83.33% ） was higher than those of other groups （P = 0.039 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of SSNHL after earthquake is high, especially in older and female patients. While SSNHL tends to be less frequent among the young and middle-aged people, the tendency toward severe disease is obvious. SD may be as- sociated with the development of SSNHL.