中国工业企业的所有制结构对效率差异的影响——1995年全国工业企业普查数据的实证分析

The Impact of the Structure of China's Industrial Enterprise's Ownership on Its Efficiency

本文以 1 995年全国工业普查的数据为基础 ,从全部 75万家企业中选择了2 0余个产业 ,共计大约 1 7万家具有竞争性特点的企业进行了效率测定和比较。分析方法主要采用了生产函数模型和OLS计量方法 ,分别对普查数据中提供的所有制变量和企业隶属等级制变量对于企业效率的影响进行了分析和比较。对于所有制变量比较的结果发现 ,私营个体企业的效率最高 ,三资企业其次 ,股份和集体企业再次 ,国有企业效率最低。同样 ,对于等级制变量的效率比较发现 ,由于较低隶属等级的非国有企业效率高于那些等级地位高的国有企业 ,结果使得后者的规模优势丧失。因而旧体制中的隶属等级地位对于企业的发展是消极的。

This paper is based on the data of the third national census of China in 1995.More than 20 industries with the competition characteristics,including 170000 enterprises from 50000 enterprises as a whole are selected to measure and compare their efficiency.In the main analysis the production function model and OLS methods were adopted to measure the impacts of the ownership and the subordinated relations on the enterprise efficiency.In the comparison of different types of ownership it was found that the private enterprises have highest efficiency,sino foreign joint venture, foreign funded cooperative and solely foreign owned enterprises are the second with regard to efficiency,share holding and collective enterprises occupies the third place, and the state owned enterprises are the lowest in this respect.It was also found through the comparison of different types of subordinated relations that the non state owned enterprises with a lower hierarchy are more efficienct than the state owned enterprises with a higher hierarchy,as a result, the latter has lost their scale advantages.Therefore,the traditional hierarchy system plays the negative roles in the development of the enterprises in China.