论凯恩斯的“萧条经济学理论体系”

On Keynesian Depression Economics Theory System

在凯恩斯的经济学说中 ,一国短期的均衡就业量和收入水平 ,决定于有效需求 ,而有效需求又是由消费需求和投资需求构成的。消费需求是由消费倾向所决定的 ;投资需求是由资本边际效率与利息率决定的。由消费需求和投资需求构成的总需求和现有生产要素所决定的总供给 ,决定一国短期均衡的就业和收入水平。凯恩斯是由就业不足引到有效需求不足、引到投资不足与消费不足乃至货币不足 ,构成了被人们称之为“萧条经济学体系”。在资本主义出现有效需求不足、经济萧条和严重失业时 ,凯恩斯主张采取积极财政政策 ,直接增加政府的支出和公共投资 ,以刺激经济增长 ,解决失业问题。因为消费倾向在短期内是相对稳定的 ,因而要实现充分就业就必须从增加投资需求着手。

In Keynesian Economics, a country's short-term balanced employment and income level depend on effective demand, while effective demand is formed by consumption demand and investment demand. Consumption demand depends on consumption tendency while effective demand on capital marginal efficiency and interest rate. Therefore, total demand of consumption demand and investment demand together with total supply determined by production factors now existing decide a country's short-term balanced employment and income level. The well-known Keynesian Depression Economics System consists of employment shortage, effective demand shortage to investment shortage, consumption shortage and even currency shortage. When effective demand shortage, economic depression and serious unemployment appear in a capitalist state, Keynes suggested that positive fiscal policy, direct increase of government expenditure and public investment be adopted to stimulate economic growth and to solute unemployment problems. Because it is comparatively steady of consumption tendency in a short time, increasing investment demand should be made to bring full employment into being.