论分权制衡思想的变迁及对我国权力制衡制度的完善

On the Western "Separation of Power Thoughts" and the Chinese "Balance of Power System"

分权制衡是现代西方国家宪法重要的原则之一,其理论形态可以追溯至古希腊、古罗马时期,17、18世纪的自然法学派丰富和发展了分权制衡理论,美国早期的联邦党人不断完善,使分权制衡思想在理论层面逐步完善。而能够有效检验分权制衡思想和理论形态的"场域"则最终在宪法文本和宪政制度设计中有所体现,英美等资本主义国家在宪法文本和宪政制度设计中均采纳了分权制衡理论。在建设社会主义法治国家的过程中,鉴于我国权力制衡不到位的状况,所以,借鉴西方国家分权制衡的理论形态和制度设计来完善我国权力制衡机制就显得尤为重要。

The separation of power is one of the important principles of constitution in modern westem countries and its theoretical form can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome. And the natural law school in the seventeenth and eighteenth century enriched and developed the theory of the separation of power,the earlier federalists of the United States constantly perfect the theory and make the separation of power thought more mature in theory. Britain and other capitalist countries adopted the separation of power theory in their constitutional text and constitutional system design.In the construction of the socialist country ruled by law process, in consideration of our imperfect balance of power system, the author combined the theoretical form and the system design of separation of power in Western countries and then drawed some conclusion of the Chinese ＂balance of power system＂