不锈钢焊条熔滴过渡及其影响因素研究

Research on Droplet Transfer and Its Influence Factors of Stainless Steel Electrode

采用水中收集熔滴、平板堆焊、高速摄影等试验方法 ,研究了典型不锈钢焊条熔滴过渡特性及其影响因素。结果表明 ,熔滴过渡指数为优化值时 ,焊条熔滴呈渣壁过渡形态 ,焊条的综合工艺性最佳 ;药皮中的SiO2 细化熔滴作用最强 ;增大药皮厚度和焊接电流均使熔滴细化 ,但受焊条工艺性制约 ;熔滴反应区的渗Si反应亦有利于细化熔滴 ,但受焊缝最高含Si量的限制 ;焊接熔渣的碱度、组成物及含量对熔滴过渡特性亦有一定的影响 ;提出了“焊条熔滴本质质量比”和“焊条允许增Si量”概念。

The droplet transfer characteristics and its influence factors of typical stainless steel electrodes are studied with experimental methods including collecting droplet into water,surfacing on the plate and analyzing by high speed camera etc.The results show that the electrode has the best comprehensive usability as the droplet transfer exponent optimizes and the flux wall guided transfer form occurs.The SiO 2 in coating can play the most important part in fining droplet.The droplet will become fine when coating thickness and welding current increase,but it is restricted by usability of electrode.The silicon reducing reaction in the droplet stage benefits droplets fining,but it is limited by maximum admitted silicon content.The basicity,constituents and content of welding slag have a certain influence upon the transitional charcteristics of droplets too.The concept of droplet essential mass ratio and permissible increasing silicon content of electrode is proposed.