限盐限油干预项目对广州市居民控盐控油知信行的影响

The Effect of Salt and Oil Control Intervention on Knowledge,Attitude and Practice of Salt and Oil Control in Residents of Guangzhou

目的了解限盐限油干预项目对广州市居民控盐控油知信行的影响,为健康政策的制定提供依据。方法 2009年12月至2010年8月,在广州市政府的支持下,对广州市居民发放油壶、盐勺并进行限盐限油宣传等干预活动。为评估干预效果,采用多阶段抽样法,对广州市12个区(县级市)的部分家庭进行干预前(11412户)和干预后(12501户)关于居民限盐限油知信行的问卷调查。结果干预后调查对象每人每天食盐、食油量知晓率分别提高了4.9%和7.4%,与干预前比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为43.6、113.3,P<0.01)。干预后收到油壶、盐勺组的食盐、食油量知晓率分别比未收到组高6.8%和11.2%,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为40.6、118.6,P<0.01)。干预后调查对象对食盐摄入过多与心脏病、肾病、高血压和中风有关的知晓率较干预前分别提高了7.0%、2.1%、5.9%和1.9%,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为87.5、7.3、56.2、11.7,P<0.01)。对食油摄入过多与心脏病、肾病、高血压、中风、肿瘤和糖尿病有关的知晓率较干预前分别提高了7.3%、2.0%、4.4%、3.4%、1.1%和2.3%,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为92.5、15.0、31.4、30.0、6.3,14.3,P<0.01)。干预后调查对象支持全民减少摄盐量、支持全民减少摄油量较干预前的比例分别提高了6.0%和5.8%,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为103.6和101.2,P<0.01)。干预后调查对象饮食口味较淡、不喜欢咸菜或咸鱼、不喜欢油炸品的百分率均高于干预前,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为14.4、35.3、9.6,P<0.01)。结论限盐限油干预项目对提高居民油盐摄入健康知识知晓率,促进健康观念的形成有明显效果,但相关知识知晓率仍然较低,需要进一步加强健康宣传,促进居民健康。

Objective To evaluate the effect of salt and oil control intervention on knowledge, attitued and practice （KAP） in Guangzhou. Methods Every family was provided an oiler and a sah spoon and accepted corresponding propaganda between December 2009 and August 2010 in Guangzhou. To assess the intervention effects, the study used multistage sampling to select about 11 000 families in 12 districts. Two KAP surveys were conducted before and after intervention. Results There were 4.9% and 7.4% increase about the awareness rate of salt and oil daily intake after intervention than before intervention（ X^=43.6 and x^2=113.3, all P〈0.01 ）, and there were 6.8% and 11.2% increase about the awareness rate of sah and oil daily intake in the oiler and salt spoon received group than those in the oiler and the spoon non-received group （x^2=40.6 and x^=118.6, all P〈0.01 ）. The correct rate was 7.0%, 2.l%, 5.9% and 1.9%increase about awareness of the relationships between over salt intake and occurrence of heart disease, kidney disease, hypertension and stroke after intervention than before intervention （x^2=87.5, 7.3, 56.2 and 11.7, all P〈0.01 ）. The correct rate was 7.3%, 2.0%, 4.4%, 3.4%, 1.1% and 2.3% increase about awareness of the relationships between over oil intake and occurrence of heart disease, kidney disease, hypertension, stroke, cancer and diabetes after intervention（x^2=92.5, 15.0, 31,4, 30.0, 6.3 and 14.3, all P〈0.01 ）. There were 6.0% and 5.8% increase about supporting rate of salt and oil control after intervention （x^2=103.6 and 101.2, P〈0.01 ）. The percentages of lighter taste, disliking pickles or salted fish and fried foods were higher after intervention than before intervention（x^2=14.4, 35.3 and 9.6, all P〈0.01 ）. Conclusion The intervention project of salt and oil control plays role on the KAP of residents after intervention, but awareness rate is still low, and it is needed to strengthen further healthy education.