西部地区城乡居民收入差距的重新估计——基于经济收入与社会收入并重的视角

An Re-estimation of the Income Gap between Western Urban and Rural Residents:Based on both Economic Income and Social Income Perspective

本文采用问卷调查与推算相结合的方法对西部地区城乡收入差距进行了重新估计。结果表明,城乡居民社会保障收入的差距远大于经济收入的差距,城乡居民在住房公积金及补贴收入上的差距最大;如果考虑社会保障收入,城乡收入差距将扩大11.6%,但如果考虑所有的社会收入则城乡收入差距将缩小3.4%;各种社会收入差距在西部省际之间存在较大差异;社会保障收入还会对西部地区城乡经济收入差距产生间接影响,西部地区城乡社会保障收入差每增加1%,将引起城乡经济收入差平均增加0.168%。因此,增加农村居民社会收入是缩小西部城乡收入差距的有效路径之一,可以从大力增加农村居民的社会保障收入、稳定政府部门的收入比重、制订促进农村社会保障发展的优先序、构建农村住房补贴长效机制、尝试建立农村居民失业保险制度、进一步支持农村教育和基础设施发展、实行缩小城乡收入差距的差异化战略等方面入手。

Using a combination method of questionnaire and calculation,this paper re-estimated the income gap between western urban and rural areas.The result shows that the gap of urban-rural social security income is much larger than the gap of urban-rural economic income.The gap of housing fund and subsidy income is biggest among those gaps.If we consider the social security income,the gap of urban-rural income would be expanded 11.6 percent.However,if we consider all social income,the gap of urbanrural income would be decrease 3.4 percent.The social income gaps are much difference among the provinces in west area.The social security incomes also make an indirect impact on the gap between urban and rural economical incomes by that when the social security incomes gap between urban and rural add 1%;the economical incomes gap would add 0.168% average.As a conclusion,increasing the income of rural residents is an effective path to narrow the income gap between urban and rural in west area.We can start from eight measures as following : Increasing the social security income of rural residents,keeping the proportion of government revenue stable,developing the priority of social security development in rural area,reforming thee income statistics.