论汉语反身词的重复现象

On reflexive doubling

汉语的"自己"在语言类型学上是一个异数:时而在论元位置当照应词,时而在状语位置当焦点算子,甚至盘据左缘结构扮演言谈照应词的角色。本文指出这种善变性格其实还有一个鲜为人知的面向:亦即"自己"可重复出现形成两类特殊句式:一个属述谓用法,促成如"阿Q啊,自己很会照顾自己"的话题句;另一个属量化用法,促成如"自己犯了错,自己处理"的条件句。上述现象我们统称为反身重复,并将"自己"分析为受各类算子约束的变项,而非一般的照应词或反身状语。本文进而指出反身词与原位疑问词的通性与个性。此外,本文也希望通过反身词角色的地图,以形式手段凸显汉语分析性在语言类型学上的特殊地位。

Chinese reflexives have many facets.This paper explores one peculiar usage of them by examining a cluster of phenomena which involve a pair of ziji(自己).The doubling construal can be either predicational as in the case of topicalization,or quantificational as in the case of bare conditionals.By analyzing the reflexives in question as variables,the paper is able to account for a variety of syntactic and semantic restrictions they observes.The findings not only lend further support to the idea that Chinese constructs operator-variable pairs on a sentential scale due to its analyticity,but also call for a cartographic analysis of Chinese reflexives in general.These studies will hopefully lead us to the discovery of more fundamental ingredients across the fine line between predication and quantification.