抗战时期天津租界中国存银问题——以中英交涉为中心

The Problem of China's Silver Deposits in the Tianjin Concessions during the Anti-Japanese War Period

1938年春夏之交,为避免留存于天津租界的巨额白银被日本窃夺,中国方面展开以英国为主的对外交涉。因国民政府最高决策者蒋介石对天津租界存银问题关注不够,直接从事对英交涉的外交部与主管货币银行事务的财政部未能充分沟通和融洽合作,加上英国一味维护自身利益,不顾中方反对,对日采取妥协退让政策,进而影响法国也向日本作出同样让步,中国存银最终被日本监控并攫夺。在对英交涉中,国民政府对英国不尊重中国的主权和重大利益的本质有了深刻认识,因此英国在国民政府战时外交全局中的地位下降。

In the late spring and early summer of 1938,in order to prevent the Japanese seizure of large amounts of silver China had deposited in the Tianjin Concessions,the Chinese side undertook diplomatic negotiations with the British as the main representative of the Concessions.However,the silver ended up under the control of the Japanese and was seized by them.The reasons for this include the lack of attention given to this issue by Chiang Kai-shek,the supreme decision maker of the Nationalist Government at Nanjing,and insufficient communication and cooperation between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,in charge of negotiating with the British,and the Ministry of Finance,in charge of banking matters.The British,acting out of self-interest and in the face of China's opposition,adopted a policy of compromise and concession towards Japan,and this influenced France to do the same.Over the course of the negotiations,the Nationalist Government at Nanjing gained a better understanding of Britain's true attitude of disrespect for China's sovereignty and vital interests.Thereafter,the position of Britain in the Nationalist Government's wartime diplomatic strategy declined.