需求替代情形下反应能力的价值分析

On the Value of Reactive Capacity under Demand Substitution

本文通过对竞争报童模型加以拓展以研究需求替代情形下企业运用反应能力产生的价值。文中考虑了两种不同的需求结构:第一种中企业总需求是竞争双方库存量的分段线性函数,第二种中企业总需求的均值是双方库存水平任意形式的函数。根据需求结构的不同,建立了不同的库存竞争模型并提出了相应的均衡库存策略。基于这些均衡结论,进一步探讨了反应能力的价值。分析表明运用反应能力能在降低企业库存水平的同时提高顾客服务水平。此外,在不同的需求结构下,运用反应能力产生的价值均随可用反应能力以及缺货惩罚成本递增,而随单位反应能力的使用成本递减。

Certain extensions of the competitive newsvendor model are presented in this paper in an attempt to investigate the value of using reactive capacities under demand substitution.Two demand structures are considered here： the former denotes total demand as a piece-wise linear function of inventory levels for the two firms,and the latter holds that the mean of the total demand is an arbitrary function of stocking quantities for the two firms.In accordance with demand structures,two inventory-based competition models are formulated and corresponding equilibrium inventory policies are developed.Then,based on the relevant equilibrium results,values of reactive capacity are derived.It is identified that the firm can simultaneously lower its inventory level and increase the customer service level by applying reactive capacity.Besides,under different demand structures,the value of applying reactive capacity increases along with the reactive capacity level and the unit shortage penalty cost,but decreases with the unit cost of reactive capacity.