伊犁新垦区冬小麦喷灌技术研究

Research on Sprinkler Irrigation Technology of Winter Wheat In New Reclaimed Area of Yili

伊犁河谷是新疆重要的商品粮生产基地,针对伊犁新垦区面临砂质薄土层的灌溉问题,通过冬小麦生产喷灌试验,确定伊犁新垦区冬小麦生产喷灌最佳灌溉制度和喷灌水肥调控技术。设置4个不同的灌溉定额(4 200、4 800、5 400、6 000m3/hm2)处理,采取统一的灌溉周期:4d,并对土壤水分、冬小麦分蘖、冬小麦产量、水分生产率和主要农艺性状等指标进行研究。试验表明在应用小水量多灌次的喷灌技术,灌溉定额对产量有较显著的影响,成正相关,当灌溉定额在5 700m3/hm2时,可获得最佳产量。在伊犁新垦区冬小麦喷灌生产,采用小水量多灌次和生育期内追肥的冬小麦喷灌水肥调控技术,可实现当地冬小麦生产的节水、节肥高效优质可持续发展。

lli river valley is an important production base of the commodity grain in Xinjiang. Aiming at the irrigation problem of the thin and arenaceous soil in Ili river valley, the best irrigation system and control techniques of fertilizer and water for winter wheat production are identified with irrigation experiments. In the experimental research, the wheat is treated with four different irrigation quotas （4 200, 4 800, 5 400, 6 000 ma/hm2） and a uniform irrigation period-four days. The soil moisture, wheat tiller, yield, water productivity and other indexes are studied. The irrigation quotas have obvious effect on production, which is shown as positive corre- lation, under the application of less amount - more times irrigation technique. When the irrigation quota is 5 700 m3/hm2 , the opti- mum yield can be obtained. By using less amount-more times irrigation technique and fertilizer control technology during the growing period of winter wheat under the sprinkling irrigation, the sustainable development of the water saving, fertilizer savings and high quality winter wheat production can be realized.