某煤矿掘砌工人肺通气功能分析

Analysis of Pulmonary Ventilation Function of Excavation Workers in a Coal Mine

[目的]了解煤矿掘砌工人肺通气功能损伤情况，探讨接尘工龄对肺功能的影响。[方法]。选取某煤矿纯掘砌工（纯掘砌作业工人）221名作为接尘组，选取该矿83名非接尘工人作为对照。行统一的体检和肺功能测定。测定结果均采用相对值，运用卡方检验、协方差分析进行统计学处理。[结果]接尘组非吸烟工人肺通气功能异常率与对照组差异不具有统计学意义（P〉0．05），而接尘组吸烟工人肺通气功能异常率高于对照组（P〈0．05）。Mantel—Haenszel妒分析显示接尘组肺通气功能异常率高与对照组（P〈0．05）。以吸烟作为协变量，协方差分析结果显示，接尘组的用力肺活量、第一秒用力呼出量、呼气高峰流量、用力肺活量最大值、第一秒用力呼出量最大值明显低于对照组（尸〈0．05）。以吸烟为协变量，协方差分析结果显示，接尘组30年一工龄组呼气高峰流量和25％肺活量最大呼气流量明显低于10年～工龄组和20年～工龄组。以吸烟为分层因素，接尘组与对照组以及接尘组不同工龄间慢性阻塞性肺疾患患者分布差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。[结论]掘砌作业工人肺通气功能明显低于对照组并随接尘工龄延长而降低。肺通气功能检测可以作为监测接尘作业工人肺部损失的指标。

[ Objective ] To understand pulmonary ventilation function damage among excavation workers, and to identify impact of dust exposure duration on pulmonary function. [ Methods ] A total of 221 excavation workers in a coal mine were selected as dust exposure group, and 83 workers without dust exposure in the same mine as controls. Unified physical examinations and pulmonary function tests were provided. All results were presented as relative values. Chi-square test and eovariance analysis were used for statistical analysis. [ Results ] Significant differences in abnormal lung function rates were found between subjests having smoking history in the exposure and the control groups （P 〈 0.05）, but not found between those without smoking history. The rate of abnormality in excavation worker＇s pulmonary function was higher than that of the controls （P〈 0.05）. In covariance analysis, with smoking as the eovariant, forced vital capacity （FVC）, forced expiratory volume in the first second （FEVI.O）, peak expiratory flow rate （PEFR）, FVC best, FEV1.0 best were significantly lower in the excavation workers than in the controls （P〈O.05）; PEFR and the maximum flow rate at 25% of FVC derided by body height （V25/Ht） were significantly lower in the workers with I〉 30 years of work duration than in those with I〉 10 years and I〉 20 years of work duration; the distributions of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases were not significantly different between the exposure and the control groups, and same results were found between the exposure groups with different lengths of work duration. [ Conclusion ] Excavation worker＇s lung function is significantly worse than controls＇. The pulmonary ventilation functions reduce with extention of the length of dust exposure. Pulmonary function tests can be used to monitor lung damages in workers exposed to dust.