水田高地隙自走式变量撒肥机设计与试验

Design and experiment of self-propelled high-ground-clearance spreader for paddy variable-rate fertilization

为解决现有水田撒肥机械地隙低、撒肥量调节技术落后、工作效率低等问题,设计了一种水田高地隙自走式变量撒肥机,介绍了整机结构与工作原理,研究设计了高地隙专用底盘、撒肥盘及排肥口调节装置,并确定了关键结构和参数,对以AT89C51单片机为核心的控制系统进行软硬件设计与系统集成。场地和水稻田间撒肥试验结果显示,推肥板推肥角度-20°～40°可调,机器最小转弯半径1.8m,撒肥盘离地高度可达1100mm,撒肥幅宽达14m,作业效率达到6hm2/h,试验结果表明撒肥机适合在水田里自主行走,整机与控制系统设计满足水田宽幅高效变量撒肥工作要求。

In order to solve the problems of low ground clearance, backward manure regulation technology and low working efficiency present in paddy fertilizing machine, a self-propelled high-ground-clearance spreader was designed for paddy variable-rate fertilization, the whole structure and working mechanism of the machine were introduced, the special chassis with high ground clearance, the fertilization disc and regulation device for fertilizing orifice were designed, the structures and parameters of main components of the machine were given, the software and hardware integrated control system which mainly consists of AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer （SCM） was designed, The fertilizing experiments in grounds and paddy fields showed that the angle for pushing fertilizer board was at -20%40~, the minimum turning radius of the machine was less than 1.8 m, the height of fertilization disc from the ground was 1100 mm, the fertilizing width of machine achieved 14 m, working efficiency was up to 6 hm2/h, the experimental results indicate that the machine is suitable for self-propelled walking in paddy fields, and the design for the machine and its control system meets variable-rate fertilization requirements of widespread distribution and high efficiency in paddy fields.