利用生态位适宜度模型评价土地利用环境脆弱性效应

Assessmen of land use effects on environmental vulnerability by ecological niche suitability model

土地利用对环境脆弱性具有重要影响,土地利用与生境条件匹配越好,土地利用的环境脆弱性效应值会越低。该文通过生态位适宜度模型将土地利用对环境脆弱性的影响定量化。选择典型生态环境脆弱区黄河三角洲垦利县的农用地,通过野外调查选择样地,构建各土地利用方式的生态位适宜度模型,在此基础上,对各土地利用生态单元的生态环境现实条件与现状土地利用方式所要求的最佳生态环境进行比较计算生态位适宜度,获得土地利用环境脆弱性效应分布图。研究结果表明,垦利县土地利用的环境脆弱性效应整体良好,棉田是决定整个垦利县环境脆弱性发展的土地利用方式;土地利用强度与土地利用环境脆弱性效应之间呈现为正相关趋势;灌溉条件和土壤盐分是决定土地利用环境脆弱效应值高低的主导环境因子。该研究结果对指导土地的合理利用与管理,防止土地退化和促进生态环境改善具有一定意义。

Land use has important effects on environmental vulnerability. The better the land use matches the habitat, the lower the impact value of land use on environmental vulnerability will be. This paper aims to quantify the land use effects on environmental vulnerability by ecological niche suitability model. The agricultural land of Kenli county in the Yellow River Delta was selected for the case-study. The samples were chosen by investigation to establish the niche suitability model of various land use types, and niche suitability value of each land use ecological unit was obtained through comparing the optimum ecological environment conditions with the present situation. The results showed that the land use effects on the environmental vulnerability in Kenli county were good in general, and the cotton field actually determined the environmental vulnerability development of the county; The relationship of land use intensity and the environment vulnerability effect appeared a positive correlation trend; The irrigation and salinity were the dominant environmental factors in land use environmental vulnerability effect. The results of the research are of important significance to the land use management, land degradation prevention and improvement of the ecological environment.