菜籽粕混合溶剂脱毒工艺研究

Detoxification of rapeseed meal by mixed solvent

以菜籽粕为研究对象,采用单因素和正交实验确定了甲醇硫酸水体系和乙醇硫酸水体系对菜籽粕脱毒的最佳脱毒工艺参数,即V(甲醇/乙醇)∶V(硫酸)∶V(水)=80∶4∶16,液固比为8∶1,45℃下浸提40 min,脱毒1次。经甲醇硫酸水体系脱毒后菜籽粕中植酸、单宁、硫甙、异硫氰酸酯和噁唑烷硫酮的脱除率分别为88.52%、82.44%、92.01%、87.91%和81.65%,乙醇硫酸水体系中分别为89.34%、83.57%、91.60%、88.32%和82.71%,符合饲料级要求。脱毒后菜籽粕营养成分含量得到提高,可替代鱼粉或大豆粕用于饲料。

The technique parameters of detoxification of rapeseed meal by the system of methanol - sulfuric acid - water and ethanol - sulfuric acid - water were determined by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. The optimum detoxification conditions were as follows：the volume ratio of methanol or ethanol to sulfuric acid to water 80： 4：16 ,ratio of liquid to solid 8：1,45 ℃ extraction for 40 min ,detoxification one time. The removal rate of phytic acid, tannin, glucosinolate, isothiocyanate （ITC） and oxazolidine thione（OZT） were 88.52%, 82. 44% , 92. 01% , 87.91% and 81.65% in methanol -sulfuric acid -water system,and the removal rate were 89.34% , 83.57% , 91.60% ,88.32% and 82. 71% in ethanol- sulfuric acid -water system, respectively. After detoxification, the rapeseed meal could meet the feed requirement. The nutrition in detoxified rapeseed meal was increased, and it could replace soybean meal or fish meal in formula feed.