农村社区犬咬伤的流行病学特点与临床处理

Epidemiological characteristics and management of dog bites in rural communities

目的探讨农村社区犬咬伤的流行病学特点与患者创面急诊抗感染处理,提高疗效。方法回顾性统计分析杨林镇社区2007年7月至2010年6月犬咬伤的流行病学特点、患者创面的急诊抗感染处理与临床疗效,组间数据率的比较用χ2检验。结果 3年中222例犬咬伤患者,夏秋季节发生126例,冬春季节96例,以夏秋季节占优势(χ2=218.0,P<0.01)。222例犬咬伤患者创面全部愈合。随访至今,全部患者无破伤风及狂犬病发生。结论在农村社区夏秋季节易发生犬咬伤,及时抗感染处理犬咬伤创面,对控制犬咬伤创面的感染、预防破伤风和狂犬病具有重要作用。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of dog bites in rural communities and the techniques of emergency wound management for the improvement of therapeutic efficacy. Methods Retrospective statistical analysis was done of the epidemiologieal data on dog bites and the therapeutic efficacy of emergency wound management in the Yanglin rural community in the 3 years from July, 2007 to June, 2010, with chi-square test used for comparison of the data rates between groups. Results A total of 222 dog bite cases were treated in three years in Yanglin rural community, with all the wounds healed completely. The results of follow-up study showed that none of the cases was affected by rabies and tetanus. Of all the dog bite cases, there were 126 cases affected in summer and autumn and 96 cases in the winter and spring, with the incidence higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring （x2=218.0, P〈0.01）. Conclusion In rural communities, dog bite is more likely to occur in summer and autumn. Emergency management of the wound with anti-infective interventions is of great importance in the control of wound infection and the prevention of rabies and tetanus.