美国外贸法对劳动就业权的保护及其启示

The Protection of Employment Rights in U.S. Trade Law and Its Enlightenment

美国外贸法通过事前预防和事后救济等措施全方位保护工人及其所在的企业、产业,明确规定国会、总统、商务部、国际贸易法院等国家机构保护劳动就业权的作为义务,同时授予劳工组织等主体享有保护工人劳动就业权的权利。我国外贸法应当将保护外贸关联企业职工劳动就业权作为首要立法宗旨之一,明确各机关保护职工劳动就业权的积极作为义务和责任,防止外国政府滥用贸易政策法律和各种新旧贸易保护主义措施侵害职工劳动就业权。

U.S. trade law is designed to comprehensively protect workers and their en- terprises or industries through ex ante prevention,ex post facto relief, and so on, definitely requires state institutions such as congress, president, ministry of commerce and internation- al trade courts to do their duties to protect employment rights, and grants the rights of pro-tecting employment rights to bodies like labor organizations. Chinese trade law should regard the protection of employment rights of workers in trade-related firms as one of primary legis- lative purposes, define the obligations of relevant institutions to protect employment rights and prevent foreign governments from violating employment rights through an abuse of tradepolicies or law and trade protectionist measures.