朱丹溪“养阴”思想的养生学意义

Meaning of “Nourishing Yin” Thinking Raised by ZHU Dan-xi for Life Nurturing

元代"养阴派"医学家朱丹溪认为人类因多动少静、情欲无涯、阴气难成易亏等行为和生理特点,故体质常呈"阳常有余,阴常不足"的状态,论治疾病重视"养阴",阐述"养阴"即是养生,较之其他派别林立的养生法门,丹溪直指人心,发明相火,创建性地指出身心欲望过极,相火妄动对身体的危害,由此指出养生的关键在于清心寡欲,养生的法则在于动静合宜,节制饮食,调神养性;服食养生较难把握,自我调摄养生应当是人们更理智的选择;而且丹溪养阴思想在养生、预防医学方面具有更大的社会价值。

ZHU Dan-xi, a representative of nourishing Yin school in Yuan dynasty, thought that people were in the state of ＂excessive Yang, deficient Yin＂ due to the behaviors and physiological characters of hyperactivity, immoderate emotions and desires as well as easily deficiency of Yin-Qi, therefore diseases should be treated on the basis of nourishing Yin theory. He pointed out that nourishing Yin meant life numbing, different with the method of life nurturing from other schools. He invented ministerial fire, creatively raised that immoderate desires and hyperactivity of ministerial fire did harm to the body, hence the key of life nurturing was to cleanse one＇s heart and limit the desires, the principles of life nurttu＇ing were to move appropriately, diet and cultivate mind; life nurturing by self-adjustment was a better choice for people than by taking medicine, which was hard to handle; thinking of nourishing Yin was valuable for life nurturing and preservation.