2002-2011年全国食物中毒情况分析

Analysis of the food poisoning in China from 2002 to 2011

目的分析食物中毒的原因及规律,探讨预防食物中毒的措施。方法从食物中毒的基本情况、季节分布、致病因素和就餐场所四个方面,对2002-2011年全国食物中毒的情况进行统计分析。结果 2002-2011年,食物中毒的趋势呈曲线状,无明显规律;第三季度是食物中毒的高发时期,微生物性食物中毒人数最多,化学性食物中毒死亡率很高,集体食堂食物中毒人数最多,家庭食物中毒的死亡人数最多。结论食物中毒的形式严峻,尤其是病死率还较高。通过加强预防食物中毒的宣传教育工作,重视有针对性的防控工作,建立饮食行业有效的监管机制,提高救治能力和检测能力,严厉处罚发生食物中毒的单位,可以最大限度地预防和降低食物中毒的发生。

Objective To investigate the reasons and the rules of food poisoning for exploring the preventive measures of food poisoning.Methods The basic situation,seasonal distribution,pathogenic factors and dieting places of the food poisoning in China from 2002 to 2011 were analyzed.Results In 2002-2011,the incidence of food poisoning showed no obvious rules.The high period of food poisoning was the third quarter in a year.Most of the food poisoning was the microbial poisoning.The mortality rate of chemical food poisoning was very high.Most of the food poisoning happened in the collective canteens.The numbers dying of food poisoning at home accounted for the most.Conclusion The food poisoning is still severe,especially the mortality rate is higher.Through strengthening the propaganda and education of the prevention of food poisoning,paying attention to the preventive and control measures for food poisoning,establishing the effective and supervisory mechanism of the catering trade,improving the care ability and the test level,and stringently punishing the catering trades,food poisoning must be prevented and reduced.