闽语的“卜”和“挃”

Study on "Bu" and "Zhi" in Min Dialects

闽语的"卜"和"挃"都是"要"的意思,是口语中的常用词,也是未见于外方言的闽语特征词。但是在各地闽语中,"卜"和"挃"不论是用字还是读音、意义或用法都有许多差异。通过对闽语的"卜"和"挃"的分析,研究认为,方言词汇的研究应着力于常用词,尤其是口语常用词。但是,常用词的比较研究,不能只取某一个词义作孤立比较,而必须从整个义位的系列并联系义素的组合,作为一个系统来考察,才能认识单个常用词的完整含义和功能。而且,常用方言词的比较,应对内比较同区方言之间的异同,对外比较方言与古今通语的异同,如此才能准确提取归纳方言的特征词及其历史层次中的语言事实与演变规律。最后,对方言常用特征词的词源考证很重要,但必须经过音韵论证、字义分析和古籍用例引证等环节,这是毋庸置疑的。

The ＂bu＂ and ＂zhi＂ in Min dialects, which are the same as ＂yao＇in meaning, are not only the commonly used words in oral but also the characteristic words in Min dialects that are not seen in external dialects. But in Min dialects, the ＂bu＂ and ＂zhi＇have many differences in the characters used, pronunciation, significance and usage. Based on the analysis of it, a method is suggested that the study on dialect vocabulary should put emphases on the comparative study of commonly used words, which should base on the whole series of glosseme of commonly used words, combine its combination of sememe and investigate it as a system, and makes a comparison to commonly used dialect vocabulary internal and external-intra-comparison to the same area dialect and extra-comparison between the dialect and ancient ＆ modern common language. Only in this way will we understand the integrated signification and the function of a single commonly used word, and extract accurately ＆ induce the characteristic words of dialect ^- its language facts ＆ evolution law. Finally,textual researching on the etymologies of commonly used characteristic words of dialect is a very important step,but it must pass by the several links that is phonology ＇s demonstration, character meaning analysis and citation by example in ancient books,which can not be ignored.