中国乡村的“空心村”现象原因分析

Analysis of Reasons to the Phenomenon of "Empty Village" in Rural China

改革开放促进了中国农村社会经济的发展,同时出现了"空心村"问题。"空心村"现象出现有其深刻的原因,学术界主要归纳为国家政策城乡差异化、经济转型与民工潮涌动,本文则认为,其深层次则是应该是住宅商品化进程、明代以来民宅选址所考虑的因素发生重大变化等的结果,这其实这是一种正常的社会现象,是1840年以来传统社会向现代社会转型的继续,即人们先是摆脱宗族和地缘聚居模式,向现代个性特征模式转变;是传统的着眼于安全考虑的聚居型向现代方便、舒适型,便于商品化发展的转变,是对中国乡村社会的传统村落格局进行重新构建。通过分析"空心村"问题产生的原因,指出政府要通过系列改革行动有机地改变空心村所带来的负面效应,有针对性地拿出解决问题的对策。

The reform and opening up has promoted the social and economic development of rural China and the problem of “empty village” came into being along with it. There are dee- per reasons to this phenomenon which the academia summarized as the differences of national urban-rural policies, the economic restructuring and the surging migrant worker tide. This paper, however, believes that the deeper reasons to the phenomenon are the process of the commercialization of housing and great changes to factors influencing housing site since Ming Dynasty. This is a normal social phenomenon which is the continuation of transformation from traditional to modern society since 1840 i.e. from the mode of clan and geographical settlement to that of modern personal characteristics from traditional settlement focusing on security consideration to modern convenient comfortable commercialization of housing. Thus, the traditional Chinese pattern of villages has been rebuilt.