多元文化主义视野下的美国语言教育政策研究

A Study on Language Education Policy in the United States from the Prospective of Multiculturalism

长期以来,美国主流社会以同化理论作为消弭异于其语言(英语)和文化的思想武器,造成众多语言少数族裔儿童的特殊教育需求未能得到满足。20世纪60年代兴起的多元文化主义,呼吁每一种独特的语言和文化都应该受到认可和尊重,并获得公平的权利保障。多元文化理论为美国语言教育政策研究提供了文化透视的视角,厘清了主流社会的意识形态和文化价值观对制定美国语言教育政策产生的影响,以及美国语言教育政策中隐含着的"文化霸权"和忽视语言少数族裔儿童本有的文化价值的倾向,为所有儿童提供了让个人尊严受到社会尊重的机会。

As an ideological weapon of American mainstream society,assimilation theory has long dispelled languages and cultures that are different from theirs,failing to meet the needs of Special language education of numerous minority children.In the 1960s,the rising cultural pluralism appealed that any unique language and culture should be respected and recognized,and also guarantee an equal right.Multicultural theory provides a cultural perspective to study American language policy and contributes to clarifying the effect of both ideology of mainstream society and cultural value on American language education policy,and its implicit 'cultural hegemony' and trend of neglect of cultural value of minority language children,thus providing all children with an opportunity to make personal dignity respected by the society.