“句子类型标示假定”与疑问语气的句法标示

Clausal Typing Hypothesis and the Typing of Interrogatives

"句子类型标示假定"的提出对于包括乔姆斯基本人在内的诸多生成语法学家的研究都产生了深远的影响。然而,从更广泛的语言事实来看,"句子类型标示假定"中所蕴含的三个重要论断都是不成立的。该假定不能成立的深层次原因在于把疑问词是否移位和疑问助词的使用与否这两个性质和功能完全不同的语法手段放在同一个平面上进行非此即彼的跨语言类型比较。此外,旨在建立一种仅仅解释特指问句的句子标示类型的做法存在根本性的偏差,更有意义的做法应该是建立一个针对整个疑问语气类型的句法标示跨语言类型。文章认为,人类语言中疑问语气类型在句法上的标示是通过在标句词位置C上使用疑问助词,在屈折范畴位置I上使用疑问助词,中心语成分移位至C位置以及在I位置上进行句法重叠这四种方式来实现的。

The Clausal Typing Hypothesis has exerted a profound influence on many generative linguists including Chomsky. However, it is demonstrated in this article that three significant statements entailed by the hypothesis do not hold true. The fundamental problem with this hypothesis is that the option of wh-movement is mis-linked with the option of the usage of question particles in a ty- pological sense. Additionally, it is argued also that a typological generalization merely about wh-ques- tions is perhaps on a wrong track. This article thus comes up With a typing model for all types of in- terrogatives. It is held that cross-linguistically the typing of interrogatives could be realized through four syntactic means, the use of question particles in the C position, the use of question particles in the I position, head movement to C, and svntactic reduplication in C.