汉语惯用语句法:特殊还是一般?

Chinese Idiom Syntax:Idiosyncratic or Principled?

提要在四种句法变换条件下,文章通过对45个惯用语构建的180个句子进行三种类型(是否具有现实合理意义,是否符合惯常用法,是否丧失惯用语的意义)的判断,分析惯用语句法可变换的可能性和影响变化的因素,探讨惯用语句法变换是符合一般句法分析还是具有自身句法的特异性。结果表明,熟悉性和有无歧义同时影响被试对"合理"句子的判断。被试对添加副词表现出较高的认同性,而对其他三类句法变换存在较大的争议,实验结果支持惯用语理解的Superlemma模型,即惯用语的句法变换受到整词句法的特殊限制。文章部分修正Superlemma模型,增加宾语词素lemma和concept,以解释汉语惯用语复杂多变的句法行为。

The present study investigated the problem whether there is the possibility that idioms can change in accordance with the changes of their four syntactic variations, and the factors that play roles in such changes. The experiment was carried out by means of judging the truth of three types of each sentence. The experiment materials were composed of 180 sentences, which were made up from 45 idioms. The present study also focused on the idiosyncratic or principled nature of syntactic varia- tions. The results showed that the factors affecting the judgment of ＂principled＂ sentences are famili- arity and ambiguousness. Meanwhile, participants, on the one hand, showed stronger tendency in i- dentifying sentences with adverbs on the other hand, they argued warmly on the rationality of other three syntactic variations. The results supported the model of Superlemma, according to which syn- tactic of idioms is idiosyncratic. At the same times, we rivise the model of Superlemma with the pur- pose of explaining the Chinese idioms syntax.