超重和正常体质量儿童对不同种类食物的内隐态度

Implicit attitudes towards food in overweight/obesity and normal weight children

目的:考察超重和体质量正常的儿童对不同种类食物的内隐态度。方法:从重庆市某中学初一年级学生中筛选出超重(含肥胖)儿童33名(男26名,女7名),按相应班级、年龄、性别选出匹配的正常体质量儿童33名(男26名,女7名)。所有儿童均完成外部情感西蒙任务。分别对男性和女性儿童完成外部情感西蒙任务的反应时间和错误率进行2(组别:超重组、正常体质量组)×2(食物种类:健康食物、不健康食物)×2(外在反应效价:积极、消极)的重复测量方差分析。结果:超重男性儿童对所有食物的反应时均短于正常体质量男性儿童[(686.7±32.6)ms vs.(760.8±32.6)ms,P<0.05];超重男性儿童可能对所有食物按消极反应效价键的反应时长于按积极键的反应时[(702.4±32.9)ms vs.(670.9±34.5)ms,P<0.01],正常体质量男性儿童对所有食物按积极键和消极键的反应时差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。女性儿童反应时的组别主效应及外在反应效价与组别的交互作用均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。对男性和女性儿童错误率的重复测量方差分析结果发现:组别的主效应、外在反应效价的主效应、外在反应效价与组别的交互作用及外在反应效价与组别、食物种类间的交互作用均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:超重儿童和正常体质量儿童对食物的内隐态度的差异可能存在着性别上的不同。超重男性儿童可能对所有种类的食物(健康和不健康食物)均持积极态度,而正常体质量男性儿童对所有食物均持中立态度;女性儿童体质量与对食物的态度之间无关系。

Objective： To investigate the implicit attitude of the overweight/obesity and normal weight chil- dren towards different foods. Methods： Thirty-three overweight or obesity children （26 boys and 7 girls） and 33 normal weight children （26 boys and 7 girls） who were class-, age-, and gender-matched to the overweight group were selected. They were asked to finish the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task. The reaction times and the percentage of errors were separately analyzed according to gender using 2（ group, overweight group vs. normal weight group） x 2（ food kinds, healthy vs. unhealthy） x 2（ extrinsic response valence, positive vs. negative）-ANOVAs. Results： The reaction times showed a significant main effect of group （ P = 0. 040） and the overweight male children responded faster than the control group for all kinds of foods [ （686.7 ± 32. 6） ms vs. （760. 8 ± 32. 6） ms]. In addition, the re- action times demonstrated a significant interaction effect of extrinsic response valence by group in the male group （P 〈0. 05）. Further analysis found that for the overweight male children, there was a significant difference in the re- action times between the trials with a negative and trials with a positive extrinsic response valence [ （702.4 ± 32. 9） ms vs. （670. 9± 34. 5） ms, P 〈 0.05]. For the control group, this effect was not significant （P 〉 0. 05）. There was no significant main effect of group and the interaction effect between extrinsic response valence and group （Ps 〉 0.05）. Furthermore, there was no significant group interaction effect between extrinsic response valence and food kinds in the female group （P 〉 0. 05）. The percentage of errors for both male and female group did not exhibit sig- nificant main effect of group or extrinsic response valence and the relationship between extrinsic response valence and group was also insignificant（ Ps 〉 0. 05）. Moreover, there was no significant group interaction effect between extrinsic response valence and food kinds （ P 〉 0. 05）. Conclusion： The results indicate that the difference between the overweight and normal weight boys in implicit attitude towards food may be not the same as in girls. The boys with overweight may have a positive attitude towards all kinds of foods （including both unhealthy and healthy foods）, while the male normal weight children have a neutral attitude towards food in general. No relationship has been found between attitude towards food and weight in girls.