钻孔法制造大鼠胫骨缺损性骨折动物模型初探

Preliminary investigation of animal model of tibial defection fracture made by drilling hole method

目的:比较两种缺损性骨折动物模型损伤量、愈合时间和愈合方式的差异,为探索建立新型缺损性骨折动物模型提供研究依据。方法:SPF级雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为正常组、锯开组和钻孔组3组,每组20只。正常组不做任何处理,其他两组动物经麻醉后,钻孔组用低速骨钻在胫骨平台下外侧钻约1mm的圆孔缺损,缺损应能达到骨髓腔,但不可钻通对侧皮质(此方法为钻孔法);锯开组用骨锯在胫骨平台下外侧锯约3mm左右的缺损,缺损应能达到骨髓腔(此方法为钻开法)。术后2周和4周两个时间点每组取10只动物,检测大鼠胫骨的骨密度、骨灰重、拍摄胫骨X线片并进行胫骨病理切片观察,检测术后2周时骨Ca、P含量。结果:造模后2周,钻孔组和锯开组的骨密度,骨灰重,骨Ca、P含量均明显低于正常组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。钻孔组和锯开组胫骨X线片可见骨折线模糊,病变端密度增高,骨痂形成。钻孔组和锯开组病理切片中均可见新生骨小梁形成。造模后4周时,钻孔组、锯开组与正常组相比骨密度、骨灰重无统计学差异(P>0.05),锯开组胫骨X线片中骨痂较钻孔组明显。钻孔组和锯开组动物胫骨病理切片示骨小梁粗大,并逐步融合成板状骨,锯开组动物骨痂处较钻孔组有较多炎性细胞浸润。结论:钻孔法和锯开法均可建立大鼠胫骨缺损性骨折模型,并且在损伤量接近的情况下,两种模型的愈合时间和方式相近。钻孔法操作相对简单规范,损伤量较易控制,并且较少出现炎性细胞浸润和骨不愈合。

Objective： To compare the differences in damage degree, healing time and healing process between two animal models of defection fracture and provide the research data for the estabishment of a new animal model. Methods ： Sixty male SPF Spragur-Dawley rats were divided randomly into control group, sawing group and drilling hole group ,with 20 rats in each group. Animals of drilling hole group were treated with bone drill and made an 1 mm hole on tibial plateau ; animals of sawing group were treated with saw and made an 3 mm defection on tibial plateau ; nothing to do in animals of control group. The rats were respectively killed at 2nd, 4th weeks after operation, bone density, bone ash quantity, contents of bone Ca, P were detect- ed. Results：At the 2nd week after operation, bone density, bone ash quantity, contents of bone Ca, P in drilling hole group and sawing group were significantly lower than that of the control group （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01 ）. Two animal models of drilling hole group and sawing group were similar in X-ray films and pathology investigations. At the 4th week after operation ,there were no significant defference in bone density and bone ash quantity among three groups （P〉0.05）. Rats of sawing group showed more poroma and inflammatory infiltration in histological examination. Conclusion：Drilling hole method and sawing method could be used to make animal model of defection fracture, two methods showed similar damage degree, healing time and healing pro- cess, but drilling hole method have advantages of simple operation, easily control damage degree and less inflammatory infiltra- tion and bone disunion.