“正当的历史观”:论李济的考古学研究与民族主义

The "Proper View of History": on Li Ji's Archaeological Researches and Nationalism

张光直曾指出，李济的考古学研究在以下几个方面产生了“特别深远的影响”：坚持使用第一手科学取得的经验材料、主张考古遗物的分类应以可定量的有形的东西为基础、从文化人类学的观点出发对考古资料作解释、不把对中国问题研究的视野局限于中国的范围，并且认为“仅仅罗列这些方面就足以表明，就中国考古学说来，我们仍旧生活在李济的时代”“’。其中第四点内容，即视野不局限于中国这一点，张光直在《人类学派的古史学家李济先生》和《（李济考古学论文选集）编者后记》中有更详细的论述。“把中国文化放在世界文化里”进行研究，在张光直看来，正是一种“人类学”的“古史观”。

“Nationalism” seems to have been one of the inborn characteristics of modern Chinese Archaeology, and Li Ji, who is regarded as “the father of Chinese Archaeology”, has been seen as its representative. However, by carefully analyzing Li Ji＇ s researches on the origins and developments of cultures and his own elucidations about the “Nationalism”, we can find that the“Nationalism”was ac- tually the ideological barrier which Li Ji tries his best to keep away from. Li Ji prefers the view of history with the whole mankind as the background： on the one hand, he criticizes the prejudices of some Western scholars and emphasizes exploring the features of Chinese cultures and the clues of their origins; on the other hand, he also criticizes the narrow-minded viewpoints of some Chinese scholars and pays high at- tention to the cultural communications and differences within the East Asia and larger geographical scopes, both of which he has done in his whole academic career.