SD大鼠与巴马小型猪的皮肤组织学比较

Comparison of Skin Histology between SD Rats and BAMA Minipig

目的研究及观察SD大鼠和巴马小型猪皮肤的正常比较组织学。方法取SD大鼠和巴马小型猪不同部位的皮肤进行石蜡切片、HE染色,光学显微镜观察。结果两种动物的皮肤组织学结构在以下方面存在着显著差异:1.SD大鼠的毛囊成簇分布,平均3～9成群,而巴马小型猪的毛囊较稀少;2.SD大鼠表皮较薄,没有透明层,基底细胞缺乏异质性,真皮与表皮连接面平坦,没有皮钉;而在巴马小型猪皮肤表皮和真皮连接区,有上下交错的表皮皮钉和真皮乳头;3.SD大鼠的真皮结构相对松散,真皮血管系统不发达,而巴马小型猪皮肤的真皮网织层和乳头层交界的地方,水平分布着很多的浅表小静脉和小动脉丛,这种血管分布的方式与人类皮肤中的血管分布极为类似;4.SD大鼠的汗腺只局限于足垫的皮肤,汗腺上皮只有一种细胞类型,腺细胞呈立方形或矮柱状,胞核圆形,导管短而弯曲,由两层上皮细胞组成。而巴马小型猪皮肤的汗腺是顶泌汗腺,分布于真皮和脂肪相接的真皮深层,分泌部为粗管,管腔大,盘曲成团。腺细胞呈立方形或扁平,胞核圆形或长梭形。腺细胞与基膜之间也有肌上皮细胞。导管较细而直,开口于毛囊上段。

Objective To observe the normal histology of skin in SD rat and BAMA minipig.Methods The skins are removed from SD rat and BAMA minipig,then fixed with 10% formalin,embedded with paraffin,stained with HE and observed under light microscope.Results Two animal skin histological structures are notably different in the following areas： 1.The hair follicles of SD rat are distributed,the average is 3-9 groups,while the hair follicles of BAMA minipig are rare;2.The periderm of SD rat is thinner and there is no diaphanotheca.The basal cell is lack of heterogeneity.The junction of dermal and epidermal is flat,which is no skin nails.while in BAMA minipig,skin nails and dermal papillas are staggered up and down.3.The structure of the dermis is relatively loose in SD rats.The vascular system is underdeveloped in dermal.However,in the junction of Bama miniature pig skin dermis reticular layer and papillary layer,a lot of the superficial plexus of small veins and arteries are distributed horizontally.The Distributed manner of the blood vessels in Bama miniature pig skin is very similar with human skin;4.Sweat glands are confined to the foot pad of SD rat,Epithelial cells of sweat gland are the only one cell type,glandular cells are cuboidal or low columnar,nucleus is round,Duct which is composed of two layers of epithelial cells is short and curved.However,the sweat glands in the Bama minipig are named apocrine sweat glands.Porcine sweat glands are located in the deep dermis which is connected by dermis and fat.The secretory portion is wide,lumens is large,and is coiled into the group.Gland cells are cube or flat,nucleus is round or fusiform shape.There are myoepithelial cells between the gland cells and the basement membrane.The ducts are fine and straight,which are opened to the upper hair follicle.