燕山山地典型森林枯落物持水特性

Study on Water-holding Characteristics of Typical Forest Litter in Yanshan Mountain

【目的】探讨不同森林类型枯落物持水特性的差异。【方法】以燕山山地典型天然次生林、华北落叶松人工林和油松人工林作为研究对象,在林下设置标准地,测定枯落物厚度和蓄积量,通过室内浸泡法测定持水特性。【结果】枯落物有效拦蓄量、最大拦蓄量和蓄积量的顺序一致:华北落叶松人工林>典型天然次生林>油松人工林;自然含水量和饱和持水率:典型天然次生林>华北落叶松人工林>油松人工林;枯落物持水量与浸水时间呈对数关系,吸水速率与浸水时间呈幂函数关系。【结论】森林枯落物层发挥水文功能由持水能力与蓄积量共同决定,在森林经营过程中应充分考虑到包括树种组成和搭配、林分密度等诸因子的影响。

[Objective] To explore the differences of litter water-holding characteristics of different forest types. [Method] Natural secondary forest, Larix principis-rupprechti and Pinus tabulae- forrnis plantations in Yanshan mountain were chosen in this study. We established standard plots under the forests. The depth and storage of the litter layer were measured and water-holding properties of litter were measured using indoor immersion method. [Results] The maximum, ef- fective storming amount and storage of litter had a similar order among the forests with L. rup- prechti 〉 natural secondary forest 〉 P. tabulaeforrnis. The order of natural and saturated water content was showed as follows, natural secondary forest 〉 L. rupprechti 〉 P. tabulaeformis. Water-holding capacity had a logarithmic relationship with immersion time and there was a power relationship between water absorption rate and immersion time. [Conclusion] Hydrological func- tion of forest litter is regulated by both water-holding capacity and storage. Some factors, such as species composition and stand density, should be considered during the process of forest management.