青海大通不同人工林林下草本群落生态位特征

Niche Characteristics of Herb Community in Different Plantation in Datong County of Qinghai Province

【目的】通过研究青海省大通县不同人工林下草本群落对环境的适应能力及对资源的利用状况,为当地人工林配置和生物多样性保护提供参考。【方法】选择云杉林、白桦林和云杉-白桦混交林3种人工林,运用Levins公式及Pianka公式计测分析林下草本群落的重要值、生态位宽度及生态位重叠度。【结果】云杉-白桦混交林下草本群落与另外两种纯林相比,优势种的重要值明显较大,其优势更加突出;生态位宽度平均值最大,说明植物更能适应环境,生长更好;优势种的重叠度相对偏高,植被表现出相互适应共存且能充分利用资源环境的特点。【结论】混交林下草本群落的生态位所代表的群落结构更为合理,混交林的配置模式更适合在当地推广。

[Objective] In this study, we studied the adaptability and resources utilization of herb community under different plantations. The objective is to provide a reference for forest configu- ration and diversity protection in Datong county of Qinghai province. [Method] Spruce, birch and mixed forest of spruce and birch were chosen in this study. The important value, niche breadth and niche overlap of herb community under the forests were measured using Levins formula and Pianka formula. [Results] Compared with the pure plantations, the important value of dominant species in the mixed forest （spruce and birch） was significantly greater. The niche breadth of herb community was the largest in mixed forest, implying that plants were more adaptable to environ- ments. The niche overlap of dominant species was greater in mixed forest than in other planta- tions. Such greater niche overlap in mixed forest may be helpful the coexistence and resource use efficiency. [Conclusion] The herb community structure in mixed forest was more reasonable. Therefore, the configuration model of mixed forest should be popularized in local area.