婴幼儿择期手术前禁饮食最佳时间的临床研究

Clinical study on the best time of fasting before elective surgery in infants

[目的]探讨择期手术患儿术前禁饮食的最佳时间及长时间禁饮食对婴幼儿机体的影响。[方法]将156例择期手术患儿随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组患儿术前采用新的禁饮食方法,即母乳喂养的患儿术前禁食4h,其他患儿术前禁食6h,术前禁饮2h,对照组接受传统的术前禁饮食方法,即术前禁食12h,禁饮4h～6h,观察两组患儿术中呕吐或误吸,术后呕吐、饥饿、口渴、脱水哭闹情况。[结果]实验组患儿的术后饥饿、口渴、脱水及哭闹发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。[结论]婴幼儿择期手术在术前禁食4h～6h,禁饮2h可减轻患儿不适,满足其机体需要;禁饮食时间过长可导致患儿脱水及低血糖、哭闹等一系列不良反应的发生。

Objective：To probe into the best time of preoperative fasting for elective surgery in children and the influence of prolonged fasting on the body of the infants. Methods：The best time for elective surgery in children with preoperative fasting and prolonged fasting the body of the infant. Methods：A total of 156 cases of children with elective surgery were ran- domly divided into experimental group and control group, experimental group children accepted the new preoperative fasting method, that is, breastfeeding infants with preoperative fasting for 4 h, and other infants with preoperative fasting for six hours and forbidden to drink for 2 h before surgery, the control group patients received traditional preoperative fasting method of preoperative fasting for 12 h, forbidden to drink for 4 h-for 6 h. Observe the intraoperative vomiting or aspiration, postoperative vomiting, hunger, thirst, dehydration, crying situation of two groups of children. Results：The two groups of children without one ease of intraoperative and postoperative vomiting and aspiration, the experimental group of children with preoperative hunger, thirst, dehydration and crying the incidence is lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Infants undergoing elective surgery in the preoperative fasting for 4 h to 6 h,and forbidden to drink for 2 h can reduced the discomfort and meet their body＇s needs;fasting for too long can lead to a series of adverse events suan as dehydration,low blood sugar and crying in infants.