1280名3～6岁儿童情绪与行为问题调查研究

Investigation on emotion and behavior problems among children aged 3 to 6 years old

【目的】调查了解3～6岁儿童情绪与行为问题,为早期干预提供理论依据。【方法】采用自拟儿童基本情况调查表、儿童长处和困难问卷(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire,SDQ)对1 280名3～6岁儿童进行调查评估。【结果】3～6岁儿童困难问题检出率为11.6%。情绪或行为异常检出率为33.9%。SDQ各因子异常检出率分别为情绪问题2.3%,品行问题7.1%,多动注意不能11.5%,同伴交往问题3.9%,亲社会行为18.6%。男童SDQ因子异常检出率,多动注意不能为13.4%、同伴交往问题4.9%及亲社会行为20.9%均显著高于女童8.8%、2.4%及15.4%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.188～6.288,P<0.05)。儿童不同年龄间SDQ困难总分、品行问题、多动注意不能、亲社会行为异常检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.235～19.206,P<0.001～0.05)。与儿童情绪与行为问题有关的影响因素为儿童性别及生活状况、父亲外出务工、母亲文化程度。【结论】3～6岁儿童情绪与行为问题发生率较高,应重视儿童情绪与行为问题干预。

[Objective] To explore the emotional and behavioral problems among children aged 3 to 6 years old of Hunan province. [Methods] A self-designed questionnaire of children＇s condition and Children Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire（the edition for parents,SDQ）were used to investigate 1 280 children aged 3 to 6 years old in countryside. [Results] The prevalence of difficulty problems in children aged 3 to 6 years old was 11.6%. The abnormal prevalence of emotion or behavior was 33.9 %. The abnormal factors prevalence of SDQ with emotion symptom was 2.3 %, conduct problems was 7.1%, attention deficit and hyperactivity was 11.5 %,intercourse problems among associate was 3.9 % and social behavior was 18.6 %. The abnormal factors prevalence of SDQ in male children with attention deficit and hyperactivity was 13.4% ,intercourse problems among associate was 4. 9% and social behavior was 20. 9%, were higher than female was 8.8 %,2.4 % and 15.4 %,and there were significantly different（X^2 = 5. 188- 6. 288, P〈0.05）. The abnormal factors preva- lence of SDQ with the total scores of difficult, conduct problems, attention deficit and hyperactivity and social problems were different in children among different ages,were significantly different（X^2=8. 235-19. 206 ,P〈0. 001-0.05）. The influencing factors of the emotion and behavior problems with children including sex and conditions of living, left family working with father and the degree of education with mother. [Conclusion] The prevalence of emotion and behavior problems was high among children aged 3 to 6 years,we should pay more attention to interview the emotion and behavior problems with children.